UWF(유니버설 프로레슬링 연맹)란?
격투기를 좀 아시는 분들이라면 K-1이나 프라이드라는 이름을 모르는 이는 드물 것이다. 그러나 반대로 UWF(유니버설 프로레슬링 연맹)라는 단체를 알고 있는 사람은 그렇게 많지 않을 것이다. 얼핏 UFC를 연상시키는 이 단체는 UNIVERSAL PRO-WRESTLING FEDERATION’이라는 긴 이름을 줄인 것으로 1984년 4월에 설립되어 1985년 11월 25일까지 존재했었다. 불과 1년 7개월의 짧은 수명을 연명했던 미숙아였지만, 그러나 이 단체야말로 현재의 세계종합격투기계(특히 일본의 격투기계)에 큰 영향을 미친 단체였다.
말보다도 먼저 이 단체에서 활동했던 선수들의 면면을 살펴보면 금방고개를 끄덕이게 될 것이다. 프로레슬링의 신이라고 불렸던 무패의 제왕 칼 곳치의 제자로 나중에 후지와라구미(藤原組)를 만들게 되는 후지와라 요시아키, 링스를 주최하게 되는 마에다 아키라, 힉슨 그레이시와의 대결로 유명하며 전 프라이드의 통괄본부장으로 활약했던 다카다 노부히코, 초대 타이거마스크이자 슈토의 창시자인 사야마 사토루 등, 종합격투기붐을 만들어낸 창설자들이 모두 모여 있었다. 처음에는 안토니오 이노끼가 경영하던 신일본프로레스 소속의 레슬러들로 시작된 UWF는 이후 이합집산을 거듭하면서 신 UWF, UWF 인터내셔널, 킹덤, 링스, 슈토, 판크라스, 프라이드 등으로 이어진다.
동경 돔 관객 동원 베스트 10
2000년대 초반 전세계 종합격투기계를 장악했던 메이저 대회는 K-1, 프라이드, UFC의 세 단체를 든다. 유명세에서는 거의 동등한 위치를 차지하고 있는 세 단체. 그런데 유명도와 실제 흥행수입이 반드시 비례하는 것은 아니다. 격투기계에서 사용할 수 있는 흥행장으로 가장 크다고 할 수 있는 일본의 동경 돔에서 동원한 관중의 숫자를 비교하면 그런 사실이 확연히 드러난다.
동경 돔에서 가장 많은 관객을 동원한 단체는 바로 K-1. 2002년 12월 7일 대회로 이 대회의 메인 카드는 호스트 대 반나의 시합이었다. 동원된 관중의 숫자는 7만4500명. 2위도 역시 K-1으로 2000년 12월 10일에 역시 호스트와 세포가 메인 카드였던 대회다. 관중동원수는 7만200명, 3위에 오면 이제 K-1 이외의 단체가 등장하는데, 놀랍게도 신일본프로레스가 1998년 4월 4일의 대회에서 7만 명을 동원했다. 메인 카드는 이노끼 VS 돈 프라이, 신일본프로레스의 활약은 여기에 그치지 않고 관객동원 랭킹 10위 안에 무려 절반인 다섯 번을 기록하고 있다. 4위인 6만 7000명은 1995년 10월 9일에 기록했고 공동 5위인 6만 5000명을 1998년 1월 4일과 1996년 4월 29일에 기록했다. 10위인 6만 4500명을 기록한 것은 1991년 3월 21일이다. K-1과 신일본프로레스를 제외하면 나머지는 전일본과 SWS로 모두 프로레슬링 단체가 차지하고 있다.
이런 랭킹 수치에서 알 수 있듯이 인기나 유명도에 비해서 프라이드의 시합은 관객의 동원능력이 다른 단체에 비해서 떨어진다. 일반적인 흥행 시에 관객은 1만 명 정도가 모여들며, 마린 멧세 후쿠오카에서 벌어졌던 프라이드 24 같은 경우에는 불과 8543명만을 기록했을 뿐이다. 다른 단체에 비해서 평균 관중동원력에서 1만 명 이상 떨어지는 셈이다. 한국에서의 종합격투기나 프라이드에 대한 이상할 정도의 높은 인기는 결국 TV 방송에 의해 부풀려진 것이라는 점을 확인할 수 있다.
구 UWF의 발생과 사망
UWF의 아버지는 안토니오 이노끼?
UWF라는 단체는 ‘대중오락’ 으로서의 프로레슬링이 아니라 ‘실전격투술’로서의 프로레슬링을 지향하는 사람들이 모여서 만들어진 단체다. 그런데 표면상으로는 그렇게 되어있지만 실제로는 그 탄생경위가 훨씬 더 기묘하다.
한국계 레슬러인 역도산이 전후 패전국 일본에 프로레슬링을 선보이면서 ‘강한 사나이’라는 환상을 심어주었고, 그의 사후 프로레슬링계는 자이안트 바바가 이끄는 전일본프로레스와 브라질 출신의 안토니오 이노끼가 이끄는 신일본프로레스로 나뉘게 된다. UWF는 이 중에서 이노끼의 신일본프로레스 출신의 레슬러가 만들게 되는 단체다.
처음 UWF를 만들자는 이야기를 꺼낸 것은 신일본프로레스의 영업본부장을 맡았던 니이마였다. 프로레슬링계에서 다시 한번 영향력을 발휘해 보려던 그가 안토니오 이노끼와 손을 잡고 새롭게 만들려 한 회사가 바로 UWF였다. 여기서 한 가지 의문이 생기게 된다. 안토니오 이노끼는 신일본프로레스를 만든 창설자인데, 왜 자신이 만든 회사를 버리고 다시 새 단체로 옮겨 가려고 한 것일까. 그 이유는 당시 프로레슬링의 흥행을 둘러싸고 경제적으로 치열한 암투가 벌어지고 있었기 때문이다.
지금처럼 수만의 관중이 매 시합마다 몰려들지 않았던 시절, 프로레슬링의 주된 수입은 방송국의 방영료였다. 따라서 단체를 유지해나가기 위해서는 방송국의 방영권 획득이 필수사항이었다. 그런데 문제는 당시 신일본프로레스의 경기를 방영하고 있던 텔레비아사히가 사원을 파견해서 신일본프로레스의 운영에까지 일일이 간섭을 하고 나섰던 것이다. 이노끼의 입장에서 보자면 몸을 바쳐서 만들어 놓은 자신의 회사를 엉뚱한 녀석의 입에 갖다 바치는 꼴이 되었으니 심각한 위기의식을 느끼지 않을 수 없었다.
그래서 만약 텔레비아사히가 자신의 회사를 완전히 장악하려 들면 재빨리 새로운 회사로 옮겨 가기 위해서 보험을 들어두자는 심정으로 설립하게 된 것이 UWF였다. 물론 방영권을 기존의 텔레비아사히에서 후지TV로 옮겨가는 계획도 동시에 진행되고 있었다. 경영자층에서 이렇게 서로의 흑심이 뒤엉켜서 회사를 설립하려고하는 와중에, 참가하는 선수들도 나름대로 그들의 둥지였던 신일본프로레스와 새로운 회사에 대해 각기 다른 기대를 품고 있었다.
선수의 대표 격인 마에다 아키라의 이야기를 통해서도 알 수 있듯이 당시의 젊은 선수들은 “레슬링은 최강의 격투기다.”라는 이끼의 주장과 실제로 링 위에서 보여주는 이끼의 퍼포먼스 사이에서 갈등하고 있었다. 그래서 당시 젊은 프로레슬러들은 공통적으로 ‘보다 실전적인 프로레슬링을 해야 하지 않을까?’ 라는 고민을 하고 있었다. 물론 에이스인 마에다 아키라의 경우에는 이끼 스타일에 대한 혐오가 강했고, ’84년 7월에 참가하게 되는 사야마 사토루(초대 타이거 마스크)는 특정인에 대한 반발이라기보다는 시나리오에 따라 움직이는 쇼프로레슬링 자체에 대해 반발을 하고 있었다. 그들보다 젊은 선수는 아직 자신의 확실한 주장을 품고 있었다기보다는 존경하는 선배가 가니까 나도 간다는 군중심리에 의해 움직이고 있었다.
1984년 6월 27일에 후지와라와 함께 UWF로 이적했던 다카다 노부히코의 말에 따르면 “특정한 격투기, 혹은 프로레슬링을 지향하고 있던 것이 아니라 막연하게 지금까지 신일본프로레스에서 해왔던 것과는 다른 레슬링을 해보자.”라는 심정이었다고 한다.
이 당시 모였던 젊은 선수들 중에서 가장 뚜렷하게 자신의 격투기관을 가지고 있던 사람은 사야마 사토루였다. 나중에 슈토로 이어지는 그의 구상은 이곳에서 많은 사람들을 감화시키게 된다. 링 위에서 때리고 차고 던지고 꺾는 기술을 겨룬다는 그의 구상이 현재의 종합격투기로 이어지고 있는 것이다.
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